An investigation of the effect of mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy on demoralization, body image, and sexual function in Iranian women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is an extremely unpleasant and unbearable experience that can have a profound impact on a person's life. Compared to other types of cancer, breast cancer has a more severe psychological impact on women. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy on demoralization, body image, and sexual function in Iranian women with breast cancer. METHOD: A sample of 30 women with breast cancer were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The research was conducted in the oncology division of Imam Reza Hospital in Kermanshah by the clinical trial method with a two-group pretest-posttest design and a 2 month follow-up. Participants in the intervention group received Mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy for eight sessions. The intervention was carried out individually in weekly 60 min sessions. While the control group received self-help treatment (through an educational book). A demographic questionnaire, Demoralization Scale (DS-II), Body Image Scale (BIS), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used to collect data. For data analysis, means and standard deviations were calculated and repeated measures and the Bonferroni test was conducted using SPSS 26. RESULTS: The results showed the effectiveness of mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavior therapy on demoralization, body image, and sexual function (p < 0.05). Concerning demoralization in the intervention group, the pre-test mean was 16.73 ± 3.33, and it reduced to 11.93 ± 1.49 in the post-test. The body image mean score showed a decreasing trend in the intervention group, from 12.47 ± 1.88 in the pre-test to 8.80 ± 3.21 in the post-test. The mean score for sexual function showed an increasing trend, increasing from 18.06 ± 2.29 in the pre-test to 23.07 ± 0.91 in the post-test. There was no significant difference in the mean score of the post-test compared to the pre-test and follow-up in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MICBT can be used in conjunction with pharmaceuticals and medical treatments to improve the psychological symptoms of women with breast cancer, according to this study's results. Trial registration (IRCT20160103025817N6). 2022-04-06.

Transdiagnostic therapy compared to progressive muscle relaxation on the emotional health of mothers with premature infants: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of transdiagnostic therapy compared to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on emotion regulation strategies, self-compassion, maternal role adaptation, and social and work adjustment in mothers of premature infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial with two groups and pre-test, post-test, and a two-month follow-up assessment. Included were 27 mothers randomly assigned to either the transdiagnostic therapy group or the PMR group (13 in the transdiagnostic group and 14 in the PMR group). The experimental group received eight sessions of transdiagnostic therapy while the control group received eight sessions of PMR. The participants completed the following scales: Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Self-Compassion Scale, Maternal Role Adaptation Scale, and Work and Social Adjustment Scale. RESULTS: Transdiagnostic therapy was significantly more effective than PMR in improving emotion regulation strategies, self-compassion, maternal role adaptation, and social and work adjustment based on the between-group comparison conducted at post-test and follow-up (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Transdiagnostic therapy was shown to be effective in improving the emotional health of mothers with premature infants and was more effective than PMR techniques.

Evaluation of the Role of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and CD8+ Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in the Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and the number of CD8+ T cells in breast cancer and their relationship with the other clinicopathological factors, and overall survival (OS) was investigated. Materials and Methods: The studied samples were breast cancer patients (2005-2017) referring to the medical oncology departments for treatment. Pathologic samples of breast cancer patients were evaluated in terms of TIL and positive immunohistochemical staining for CD8 cytotoxic cells. Results: 299 patients were entered into the study, three were male and 296 female. Their mean follow-up period was 61 months. Statistical findings indicated that lymph involvement is more accompanied by low TIL within the tumor (0.011). Correlations were observed between the estrogen, progesterone receptors, P53 state, and TIL, which were significant by P-value<0.049, P-value=0.024, P-value =0.002, respectively. With any Ki67 value, the number of patients with less than 30% TIL was more considerable than the other two groups with lymphocyte cut-off of 30-50% and more than 50%. Comparison of the OS of patients with positive and negative CD8 cytotoxic lymphocytes in 45 patients with lymphocyte infiltration of equal or more than 40% showed that the OS results were in favor of patients with CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte (0.022). Out of 299 patients, 17 died. Conclusion: Our findings showed that in cases of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in tumors, the OS of the patients will be enhanced which can act as an independent factor.

The Psychometric Properties of the Persian Versions of the Patient Health Questionnaires 9 and 2 as Screening Tools for Detecting Depression among University Students.

Background: Among the common mental disorders in societies, depression is one of the most common mental disorders that affects all groups and classes of society. Students are among the groups with the highest rates of depression. Therefore, the need for a short and effective tool for screening and early detection of depression is felt. The aim of this research is to determine validity, reliability and the best cut-off point of the patient health questionnaires-9 (PHQ-9) and patient health questionnaires-2 (PHQ-2) in university students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 246 students of Kermanshah University of medical science in Kermanshah province of Iran. They completed the PHQ-2, PHQ-9, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). A structured interview was used to diagnose depression. To analyze the data, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency, the intra-class correlation (ICC) for test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, Pearson Correlation for Convergent validity, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for Criterion validity was used. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20.43 ± 2.29. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 was 0.82 and 0.80, respectively. The test-retest reliability based on intra-class correlation (ICC) for PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 after two weeks was 0.81 and 0.73, respectively (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 with the BDI-II was 0.74 and 0.64, respectively (P < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that two-factor model and one factor model had good model fit. The best cut-off point score for the PHQ-9 was 10 with a sensitivity of 0.90 and specificity of 0.93, and the best cut-off point score for the PHQ-2 was 3 with the sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.92. Conclusions: The PHQ-9 and PHQ-2 are suitable tools to screen depression in the university students in Iran.

Clarification the optimal cut-off values for Persian-language versions of depression screening tools in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes. There are many questionnaires to measure depression symptoms. These tools are generally used with the same cut-off points in different medical diseases. The present study investigates the optimal cut-off points of these tools in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Iranian diabetic population. The original version of this tool is prepared in Persian. METHOD: Two-hundred and forty four patients with a diagnosis of diabetes were selected to participate in the study. The gold standard for diagnosing depression was the Structured Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. We applied the cut-off points of the Persian versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Depression in Diabetes Self-Rating Scale (DDS-RS), Problematic Areas in Diabetes Survey (PAID), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Depression in Diabetes Self-Rating Scale (DDS-RS). RESULTS: 23.8% of patients were diagnosed with depression. Depressed patients had higher levels of HbA1c and physical complaints than non-depressed patients. In all tools, the sum of Sensitivity and Specificity of our proposed cut-off points was better than the conventional cut-off points. In HADS, the results showed that this questionnaire performed better and more efficiently than other tools. CONCLUSION: In patients with type 2 diabetes, it is better to use the proposed cut-off point's specific to this disorder in the Iranian population. These cut-off points have a higher ability to identify depressed and non-depressed cases.

Anxiety, Self-Compassion, Gender Differences and COVID-19: Predicting Self-Care Behaviors and Fear of COVID-19 Based on Anxiety and Self-Compassion with an Emphasis on Gender Differences.

Objective: The outbreak of COVID-19 has different effects on people's psychological and social aspects. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety, self-compassion, and gender differences with self-care behaviors and fear of COVID-19 in Kermanshah. Method : In the cross-sectional study, 403 people answered online questions on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7) Scale, Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and a questionnaire focusing on COVID-19-related behavior. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: There was a significant relationship between social distance and gender, and people who observed social distancing reported higher levels of fear of COVID-19 (p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between handwashing behaviour and gender variables, marital status, and education (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between those who answered yes to self-care behaviours related to washing and those who answered no in terms of variables of fear of COVID-19, the overall score of compassion, and subscales of compassion, including self-kindness and isolation (p < 0.05). In relation to fear of COVID-19, married status, anxiety, and common humanity had a positive relationship with fear of COVID-19. However, self-judgment was negatively related to fear of COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, men and people who are less afraid of COVID-19 are more likely not to observe self-care behaviors. Therefore, providing training about treatment protocols is necessary for these people. To reduce the fear of this disease in people with high levels of fear, psychologists, psychiatrists, and other medical staff can implement protocols to increase compassion.

Relationship between the Expression of the Thymidylate Synthase and the Prognosis of Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Combinational Chemotherapy Regimen Including Fluorouracil, Docetaxel and Cisplatin.

Background: Thymidylate synthase is one of the target enzymes of 5-fluorouracil. However, the clinical and prognostic significance of TS expression in gastric cancer has remained controversial. In this study, the expression of thymidylate synthase was evaluated in gastric cancer patients treated with combinational chemotherapy; moreover, the association between TS expression and clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival of the patients were also assessed. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 89 pathological samples were gathered from patients at Kermanshah hospitals during 2008-2017. The survival status of patients was recorded and their overall survival was evaluated individually. Results: The average survival period for low and high thymidylate synthase groups was 54 and 50 months, respectively, meaning higher survival time in the lower thymidylate group. But this difference was not statistically significant (log Rank=0.88). In addition, sex, stage, recurrence, and survival had no significant difference between the low and high expression of thymidylate synthase groups (p=0.89). Conclusion: The results clearly indicated that the level of thymidylate synthase is not a significant modulator of 5- fluorouracil in gastric cancer patients. Nevertheless, evaluation of the level of the enzymes and markers as well as their effects are highly recommended for accurate selection of chemotherapeutical strategies.

The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Pain Acceptance and Pain Perception in Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Neuropathic pain is a complex phenomenon in patients with diabetes. These patients have many problems, such as psychological problems, high-level pain perception, and pain acceptance. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on pain acceptance and pain perception in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. METHODS: This study was performed according to the clinical trial method. The sample size was 50 participants. In this study, participants were divided into interventional and control groups. According to the diagnosis of neurologists, all participants received conventional medications to manage neuropathic pain. The intervention group received acceptance and commitment therapy for eight sessions. The results in the three phases of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up were evaluated. After completing the study, to comply with ethical standards, the control group received psycho-education. The tools used were the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Statistical analysis includes mean, standard deviation, and repeated-measures (ANOVA) conducted by SPSS software version 22. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that in the post-test and follow-up phases, acceptance and commitment therapy could improve pain acceptance and reduce pain perception in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy could be used as a psychological intervention besides pharmacotherapy to improve pain acceptance and reduce pain perception in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. CLINICAL TRAIL REGISTRATION: This study was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20180205038630N4).

Effectiveness of Group Narrative Therapy on Depression, Quality of Life, and Anxiety in People with Amphetamine Addiction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Drug abuse is a major issue and one of the main causes of health, psychological, and social problems. Studies have shown the effectiveness of narrative therapy in reducing psychological symptoms of addiction. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of group narrative therapy on depression, quality of life (QoL), and anxiety among people with amphetamine addiction in Kermanshah, Iran. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted during 2015-2016 among patients (n=26) with amphetamine addiction in Kermanshah, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group followed 10 sessions of narrative therapy, whereas the control group received routine psychiatric care. The data collection tools included a demographic data form, Beck depression inventory-II, QoL questionnaire, and Beck anxiety inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction in depression and anxiety scores between the pre- and post-intervention stages (P<0.001) in the intervention group. However, their QoL was unaffected by the therapy (P=0.487). These variables did not show a significant change in the control group. CONCLUSION: Group narrative therapy reduced the level of depression and anxiety in patients with amphetamine addiction. However, their QoL was unaffected by the therapy. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2016010425442N.

Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and sleep quality in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain is a complicated phenomenon in patients with diabetes. These patients have many problems, especially depression and Sleep disturbance. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on depression and Sleep disturbance in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. METHODS: The current paper was conducted according to the clinical trial method with 50 participants. Participants were separated into intervention and control groups randomly. Based on the diagnosis of neurologists, all participants received standard medications to regulate neuropathic pain. The intervention group received ACT for eight sessions. The results were evaluated in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The tools used were the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Beck's depression inventory. Statistical analysis includes descriptive statistics, and repeated-measures (ANOVA) conducted by SPSS (version 26) software. Results: Results showed that in the intervention group, the treatment led to improved depressive symptoms (F = 6.81, P < 0.05). Besides, for sleep quality, treatment in all subscales, except for the Hypnotic medicine subscale, significantly improved the intervention group's situations. It was also observed that the overall quality of sleep in the ACT group showed a more significant improvement (P < 0.05). All the above results remained the same until the end of the follow-up period (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ACT, as a complementary treatment, can improve the psychiatric symptoms and problems in people with neuropathic pain. Therefore, it is necessary to include psychotherapy services along with medical treatment in outpatient and hospitalization units. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT201802050388630N4. Registered in 02/05/2018.

The Effect of Behavioral Couple Therapy on the Improvement of Mental Health and Reduction of Marital Conflict in Infertile Couples in Kermanshah: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a common disorder, exposing couples to complication such as the loss of mental health and the increase of marital conflicts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of behavioral couple therapy on the enhancement of mental health and reduction of marital conflicts. METHODS: In this clinical trial, 24 couples were selected using convenience sampling and were divided randomly into control (12 couples) and experimental (12 couples) groups. Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and Kansas Marital Conflict Scale (KMCS) were used to collect data. These questionnaires were filled and pretest, posttest and followup were done in two months. Data were analyzed by Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance, chi-square, independent sample T test, and Bonferroni tests using SPSS-16 software. The significant level of the test was 0.05. RESULTS: The results of the data analysis between experimental and control groups of females in the marital conflict variable showed that the effect of time (p=0.002) and time and group interactional effect (p=0.001) were significant. Moreover, in both experimental and control groups of males, time effect was significant (p=0.01), but time and group interactional effect was not significant (p=0.14). Also, the results of the data analysis between experimental and control groups of females in the mental health and time effect was significant (p=0.001) and time and group interactional effect was significant as well (p=0.001). But in both experimental and control groups of males, time effect (p=0.71) and time and group interactional effect were not significant (p=0.60). CONCLUSION: Behavioral couple therapy can be used in the treatment of infertile couples, especially in women.

Typology of Substance Use Disorder Based on Temperament Dimensions, Addiction Severity, and Negative Emotions.

Objective: Individuals with substance use disorder are not homogeneous as we might regard. Thus, this study was conducted to present a novel classification of substance use disorder based on temperament, addiction severity, and negative emotions. Method : In this correlation study, Temperament and Character Inventory, Addiction Severity Index, Aggression Subscale of MMPI-2, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, Emotional Schema Questionnaire, and Psychosocial Checklist were used for data collection. Results: The cluster analysis of 324 individuals with substance use disorder explored 4 subtypes. Subgroups were named based on the main features as emotionally distressed, constitutional, nonconformist, and impulsive. Significant differences were found among groups in emotional schemas, history of mental disorder in the family, rate of relapse, and history of imprisonment. Conclusion: It seemed that temperament dimensions, addiction severity, and negative emotional states were valid components in classifying individuals with substance use disorder.

The Study of Cognitive Change Process on Depression during Aerobic Exercises.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that aerobic exercise is effective in treating the depression and improving the mental health. There are various theories which explains why aerobic exercise is effective in the treatment of depression and improve mental health, but there are limited studies to show how cognitive components and depression improve during aerobic exercises. AIM: The current study was carried out to investigate the cognitive change process during aerobic exercises in depressed students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted through structural equation modeling; the study sample included 85 depressed students. Participants were selected through purposive sampling method. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Automatic Negative Thoughts (ATQ), and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were used as the data collection instruments. The participants received eight sessions of aerobic exercise (three times a week). The obtained data was analysed by AMOS-18 & SPSS 18 software. RESULTS: The results showed that depression (p=0.001), automatic thoughts (ferquency p=0.413, beliefs p=0.676) and dysfunctional assumptions (p=0.219) reduce during aerobic exercise; however, it was only meaningful for the depression. The casual and consequential models were not fit to the data and partially and fully interactive models provided an adequate fit to the data. CONCLUSION: Fully interactive model provided the best fit of the data. It seems that aerobic exercise reduced cognitive components separately leading to reduce depression.

A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy and Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment of Depression among the Students.

BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Finding effective treatments for such a disorder with higher efficiency lower side effects and affordability is an active area of research in psychiatry. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the effects of the cognitive group therapy and aerobic exercises on depression, automatic negative thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes of students at Kermanshah University of Medical Science. METHODS: In this clinical trial, 46 associate and undergraduate students at Kermanshah University of Medical Science were randomly divided into three groups: cognitive therapy, aerobic exercise, and control. The data was gathered both before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), automatic negative thoughts (ATQ), and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were used as the data collection instruments. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 15 using paired samples T-test, chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Cognitive therapy caused a significant decrease in depression, belief in automatic negative thoughts, and dysfunctional attitudes in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). Although aerobics compared to the control group causes more reductions in the variables, however, It was only meaningful for the depression variable (p=0.049). Cognitive therapy also reduced the variables more than the aerobic exercise, but the decrease was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive group therapy and aerobic exercise are effective in treating depression. For treating depression, aerobic exercise can be used as a therapy itself or along with cognitive-behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy.

Effect of Group Positive Psychotherapy on Improvement of Life Satisfaction and The Quality of Life in Infertile Woman.

BACKGROUND: Positive psychotherapy is one of the new approaches in psychology which is innovated for treating psychological disorders and enhancing positive emotions. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the group positive psychotherapy on elevation of life satisfaction and quality of life in infertile women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized trial study, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and clinical interview were used in a pre-test post-test control group design. After analyzing the result of the questionnaire, 36 infertile women who showed signs of mild to moderate depression were randomly placed into two following groups: control (n=18) and intervention (n=18). Before the treatment, the members of both groups answered BDI-II, Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and 12 item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The intervention group received six sessions of group positive psychotherapy, but the treatment of the control group began six weeks after the intervention group. RESULTS: The results showed that the life satisfaction scores of the intervention group were significantly elevated from 22.66 in pre-test to 26.13 in post-test (P<0.001), while this improvement was not significant in the control group (P=0.405). The difference between life satisfaction scores of the intervention and the control groups was also significant (F=8.92, P=0.006). However, no significant change in the quality of life level of the intervention and control groups was observed (P=0.136). CONCLUSION: Thus it can be deduced from the findings that this treatment method could be introduced as solution to increase the life satisfaction in infertile women, but not as a treatment for elevating their quality of life (Registration Number: IRCT2013042810063N3).

The effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on depression and happiness in breast cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in women in the world. It causes fear, despair, and takes a tremendous toll on psychological status. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of group positive psychotherapy on the depression and happiness of breast cancer patients. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 42 breast cancer patients in The Oncology Center at Kermanshah, Iran in 2015. The Data were gathered before intervention and ten weeks afterwards. The data were collected using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Oxford's happiness Inventory (OHI). The data were analyzed by SPSS-16, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), chi-squared, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). RESULTS: The results showed a significant reduction in the depression of the group on positive psychotherapy compared with the control group. Also the positive psychotherapy group experienced a significant increase in the patients' happiness, while there was no significant increase in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this research showed the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on the reduction of mental pressure and the improvement of the mental status of breast cancer patients. This economical therapy can be used to increase patients' psychological health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRST) with the identification number IRCT2013101410063N4. FUNDING: The authors received financial support for the research from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences.

Preparation, characterization, and DNA binding studies of water-soluble quercetin--molybdenum(VI) complex.

DNA binding studies of flavonoids are needed to understand the reaction mechanism and improve drugs that target DNA. Quercetin (Q) is one of the most common flavonoids that can chelate metal ions and interact with double-stranded DNA. In the present work, UV absorption spectrophotometry, viscosimetry, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were employed to study the interaction of water-soluble quercetin--molybdenum(VI) complex [Q-Mo(VI)] with calf thymus DNA. The binding constants (K(b)) for the complex with DNA were estimated to be 2.9 × 10(3) through spectroscopic titrations. Upon addition of the complex, significant decreases were observed in the viscosity of calf thymus DNA. Circular dichroic spectra indicated that there are certain detectable conformational changes in the DNA double helix when complex was added. Further, competitive methylene blue binding studies with fluorescence spectroscopy have shown that the complex can bind to DNA through nonintercalative mode. The experimental results suggest that Q-Mo(VI) binds to DNA via an outside binding mode.

Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of quercetin-terbium(III) complex with calf thymus DNA.

The interaction of native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) with quercetin-terbium(III) [Q-Tb(III)] complex at physiological pH was monitored by UV absorption spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and viscosimetric techniques. The complex displays binding properties to the CT-DNA and was found to interact with CT-DNA through outside binding, demonstrated by a hypochromic effect of Q-Tb(III) on the UV spectra of CT-DNA and the calculated association constants (K). Also, decrease in the specific viscosity of CT-DNA, decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Q-Tb(III) solutions in the presence of increasing amounts of CT-DNA, and detectable changes in the circular dichroism spectrum of CT-DNA are other evidences to indicate that Q-Tb(III) complex interact with CT-DNA through outside binding.